In a high-risk pregnancy, the health or life of the mother or fetus is at risk, and there is a higher chance of complications during delivery.
What are the causes?
There are many factors that can make a pregnancy high risk, for example:
- Age: Pregnancy in teenagers and women over 35 years old.
- Lifestyle: Activities such as smoking, drinking alcohol, or using drugs. When a woman smokes, drinks alcohol, or uses drugs during pregnancy, the baby may also show effects after birth.
- Existing health problems: These include hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Autoimmune diseases, kidney, and thyroid problems can also cause issues during pregnancy. HIV/AIDS and Zika virus infections can also cause a high-risk pregnancy.
Certain conditions or factors specific to the pregnancy can make it high risk, for example:
- Gestational diabetes: Occurs when a woman who did not have diabetes before develops it during pregnancy.
- Preeclampsia and eclampsia: When a woman has high blood pressure (hypertension) after week 20 of pregnancy, it is called preeclampsia. Eclampsia, which is more severe, can cause seizures or coma.
- Multiple gestation: The presence of more than one fetus (for example, twins or triplets) makes a pregnancy high risk.
- Previous premature birth: If a woman previously gave birth before week 37 of pregnancy, her current pregnancy is considered high risk.
How can it be prevented?
To reduce risk before pregnancy, in some cases, measures can be taken depending on pre-existing diseases or lifestyle. For example, losing weight, lowering blood pressure, and quitting smoking are all steps a woman can take before becoming pregnant.
If you are thinking about becoming pregnant, talk to your doctor to check your health or to see if you have conditions or factors that could increase your risk. If you are already pregnant, see your healthcare provider from the beginning of the pregnancy.
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