What is a seizure?
It is a sudden disorder of the function and electrical activity of neurons that discharge exaggeratedly or in a disorganized manner electrical impulses.
It is important to clarify that a seizure is a symptom, so it is necessary to study the causes that trigger it.
How does a seizure present?
A seizure can develop in different ways. It may cause shaking throughout the body or only in some parts, such as the limbs. Or, on the contrary, it can also cause stiffness.
Some children have a vacant stare or make sudden eye movements.
It is also common to lose control of the sphincters and consequently urinate or defecate.
Breathing can be very noisy or even stop for a few seconds.
After the episode, the child often appears confused and drowsy; it is normal for them to fall into a very deep sleep for a few minutes.
The duration is also variable; generally, seizures last for a few seconds or minutes, only in very rare cases exceeding 15 minutes.
What are the causes?
Seizures can occur due to a disorder originating in the brain or due to a condition elsewhere in the body that affects the brain. The most common causes are:
- Metabolic disorders: alterations in glucose, calcium, magnesium, and other substances in the body.
- Sudden increase in body temperature (fever)
- Brain conditions: tumors, epilepsy, malformations, hemorrhages, etc.
- Lack of oxygenation
- Genetic diseases
- Poisoning or intoxications
What are febrile seizures?
These are seizures caused by fever. They generally occur in babies and children up to 5 years old. Although not a direct fact, anyone can have seizures at very high body temperatures. In children under 5 years old, probably due to immaturity of the temperature regulation centers, the seizure threshold is lowered, making them prone to seizures at lower temperatures. It is important to note that febrile seizures do not cause lasting damage.
How should you act during a seizure?
If your child has a seizure, lay them face down or on their side to prevent choking in case of vomiting. Although it is a very tense moment, it is important that you stay calm and pay close attention so you can describe to the doctor in as much detail as possible how the seizure developed.
It is not necessary to put fingers in the mouth or hold the tongue, as seizures do not cause choking. Nor should you give water, salt, or medication without medical indication. The seizure ends on its own; it is not necessary to hold, shake, or do anything like that, just stay by the child's side to prevent injury from falling or hitting themselves.
Finally, it should be emphasized that although seizures do not cause death, they are always an emergency; therefore, it is necessary to go to the nearest hospital or health center.
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